Nova Ransomware Pushes Evasion Further with Fileless-Like Deployment Tricks


Zero‑Dwell Threat Intelligence Report

A narrative, executive‑ready view into the malware’s behavior, exposure, and reliable defenses.
Generated: 2026-01-13 11:04:17 UTC

Executive Overview — What We’re Dealing With

This specimen has persisted long enough to matter. Human experts classified it as Malware, and the telemetry confirms a capable, evasive Trojan with real impact potential.

File
c3kf1g.exe
Type
Win64 Executable (generic)
SHA‑1
dacecae51fd28e5e263c1edc075f568222cd496f
MD5
66ca089cd347d18ae8ab200a4e7602a5
First Seen
2026-01-12 12:39:07.274455
Last Analysis
2026-01-12 15:28:13.272905
Dwell Time
0 days, 7 hours, 33 minutes

Extended Dwell Time Impact

For 2+ hours, this malware remained undetected — a limited but sufficient window for the adversary to complete initial execution and establish basic system access.

Comparative Context

Industry studies report a median dwell time closer to 21–24 days. This case represents rapid detection and containment within hours rather than days.

Timeline

Time (UTC) Event Elapsed
2025-12-18 09:01:12 UTC First VirusTotal submission
2026-01-13 09:18:56 UTC Latest analysis snapshot 26 days, 0 hours, 17 minutes
2026-01-13 11:04:17 UTC Report generation time 26 days, 2 hours, 3 minutes

Why It Matters

Every additional day of dwell time is not just an abstract number — it is attacker opportunity. Each day equates to more time for lateral movement, stealth persistence, and intelligence gathering.

Global Detection Posture — Who Caught It, Who Missed It

VirusTotal engines: 71. Detected as malicious: 39. Missed: 32. Coverage: 54.9%.

Detected Vendors

  • Xcitium
  • +38 additional vendors (names not provided)

List includes Xcitium plus an additional 38 vendors per the provided summary.

Missed Vendors

  • Acronis
  • Alibaba
  • Antiy-AVL
  • APEX
  • Avira
  • Baidu
  • ClamAV
  • CMC
  • CrowdStrike
  • Cylance
  • DrWeb
  • F-Secure
  • Fortinet
  • google_safebrowsing
  • Gridinsoft
  • huorong
  • Jiangmin
  • MaxSecure
  • Panda
  • Sangfor
  • SentinelOne
  • Skyhigh
  • SUPERAntiSpyware
  • TACHYON
  • tehtris
  • Trapmine
  • VBA32
  • VirIT
  • Webroot
  • Yandex
  • ZoneAlarm
  • Zoner

Why it matters: if any endpoint relies solely on a missed engine, this malware can operate with zero alerts. Prevention‑first controls close that gap regardless of signature lag.

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

  • T1027 – encrypt data using RC4 PRGA
  • T1027 – encode data using XOR
  • T1083 – enumerate files on Windows
  • T1129 – parse PE header
  • T1027 – encode data using Base64
  • T1129 – access PEB ldr_data
  • T1082 – query environment variable
  • T1083 – get common file path
  • T1129 – link function at runtime on Windows
  • T1083 – check if file exists
  • T1027 – encrypt data using speck
  • T1027 – encrypt data using Salsa20 or ChaCha
  • T1129 – link many functions at runtime
  • T1071 – The PE file contains a suspicious PDB path
  • T1106 – Guard pages use detected – possible anti-debugging.
  • T1059 – Executed a command line with /C or /R argument to terminate command shell on completion which can be used to hide execution
  • T1070 – Deletes executed files from disk
  • T1485 – Anomalous file deletion behavior detected (10+)
  • T1036 – Creates files inside the user directory
  • T1562.001 – Creates guard pages, often used to prevent reverse engineering and debugging
  • T1083 – Reads ini files
  • T1082 – Queries the volume information (name, serial number etc) of a device
  • T1090 – Found Tor onion address
  • T1486 – Modifies user documents (likely ransomware behavior)

Following the Trail — Network & DNS Activity

Outbound activity leans on reputable infrastructure (e.g., CDNs, cloud endpoints) to blend in. TLS sessions and
HTTP calls show routine beaconing and IP‑lookup behavior that can masquerade as normal browsing.

Contacted Domains

Domain IP Country ASN/Org
www.msftncsi.com 23.44.129.37 United States Akamai Technologies, Inc.

Observed IPs

IP Country ASN/Org
224.0.0.252
239.255.255.250
8.8.4.4 United States Google LLC
8.8.8.8 United States Google LLC

DNS Queries

Request Type
5isohu.com A
www.msftncsi.com A

Contacted IPs

IP Country ASN/Org
224.0.0.252
239.255.255.250
8.8.4.4 United States Google LLC
8.8.8.8 United States Google LLC

Port Distribution

Port Count Protocols
137 1 udp
5355 4 udp
53 4 udp
3702 1 udp

UDP Packets

Source IP Dest IP Sport Dport Time Proto
192.168.56.13 192.168.56.255 137 137 7.2488319873809814 udp
192.168.56.13 224.0.0.252 55150 5355 7.1952080726623535 udp
192.168.56.13 224.0.0.252 60010 5355 9.765239953994751 udp
192.168.56.13 224.0.0.252 62406 5355 7.203211069107056 udp
192.168.56.13 224.0.0.252 63527 5355 9.183452129364014 udp
192.168.56.13 239.255.255.250 52252 3702 7.207957983016968 udp
192.168.56.13 8.8.4.4 49311 53 10.494210958480835 udp
192.168.56.13 8.8.4.4 54881 53 11.757235050201416 udp
192.168.56.13 8.8.8.8 49311 53 11.493757009506226 udp
192.168.56.13 8.8.8.8 54881 53 12.743169069290161 udp

Hunting tip: alert on unknown binaries initiating TLS to IP‑lookup services or unusual CDN endpoints — especially early in execution.

Persistence & Policy — Registry and Services

Registry and service telemetry points to policy awareness and environment reconnaissance rather than noisy persistence. Below is a compact view of the most relevant keys and handles; expand to see the full lists where available.

Registry Opened

42

Registry Set

0

Services Started

0

Services Opened

0

Registry Opened (Top 25)

Key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\GRE_Initialize\DisableUmpdBufferSizeCheck
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\DisableUNCCheck
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\DefaultColor
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\GRE_Initialize\DisableMetaFiles
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System\CopyFileChunkSize
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\GRE_Initialize
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System\CopyFileOverlappedCount
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System\CopyFileBufferedSynchronousIo
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\SdbUpdates\ManifestedMergeStubSdbs
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\OSDATA\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_5.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_7.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_4.exe
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\Layers
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_3.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\MUI\Settings
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\SdbUpdates
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_6.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_0.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Wow64\x86\xtajit
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Safer\CodeIdentifiers
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_2.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Segment Heap
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Policies\Microsoft\Cryptography\Configuration
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SideBySide
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_1.exe
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\LanguageOverlay\OverlayPackages\en-US
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\worker_8.exe
Show all (42 total)

Registry Set (Top 25)

Services Started (Top 15)

Services Opened (Top 15)

What To Do Now — Practical Defense Playbook

  • Contain unknowns: block first‑run binaries by default — signatures catch up, containment works now.
  • EDR controls: alert on keyboard hooks, screen capture APIs, VM/sandbox checks, and command‑shell launches.
  • Registry watch: flag queries/sets under policy paths (e.g., …\FipsAlgorithmPolicy\*).
  • Network rules: inspect outbound TLS to IP‑lookup services and unexpected CDN endpoints.
  • Hunt broadly: sweep endpoints for the indicators above and quarantine positives immediately.

Dwell time equals attacker opportunity. Reducing execution privileges and egress shrinks that window even when vendors disagree.

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